https://agr.wa.gov/departments/marijuana/pesticide-use - To assist growers authorized by I-502 or I-692 who use pesticides for the production of marijuana in Washington, WSDA has developed a list of pesticides that meet WSDA Criteria for use in marijuana production.
Hop Latent Viroid (HpLVd). "Viroids" are not viruses but, rather, a plant-specific pathogenic RNA. HpLVd was first publicly announced in cannabis in California in 2019. The California cannabis industry may have been struggling with it since 2014 with many reports of “dudding” – stunted growth, lack of trichomes and a lack of secondary metabolites such as cannabinoids and terpenes. Testing for HpLVd is still not common practice in the marijuana or hemp industries and is spreading.
One of the common control methods for TMV is sanitation, which includes removing infected plants and washing hands in between each planting. Crop rotation is also employed to avoid infected soil/seed beds for at least two years. As for any plant disease, look for resistant strains. Furthermore, the cross protection method can be used, where the stronger strain of TMV infection is inhibited by infecting the host plant with mild strain of TMV -- similar to the effect of a vaccine.
Lady Bugs - safe for plants, but dont feed them or the feed attracts other insects. Let them eat, release as soon as bloom is loaded, and save any that survive after harvest.
Amblyseius swirskii (and many others)-- Mite Predator biological control agent of mites, thrips and whiteflies in greenhouse and nursery crops and is currently reared and sold commercially in Europe and North America for this purpose
Beneficial soil Nematodes: Heterorhabditis bacteriaphora, Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema feltiae. Use this combination to achieve the broadest coverage of a wide variety of soil dwelling pest populations or if you are unsure of the specific pests you have.
MYCORRHIZAE
Some forms of fungus also serve as organic pest control. Mycorrhizae form a mutually beneficial relationship with plant roots. They help to relocate and deliver nutrients to plants in exchange for sugary exudates. These fungi form large networks called mycelium. Mycelium is made up of tiny individual strands called hyphae. Some fungi have been found to use hyphae strands to trap nematodes. As such, mycorrhizae may be able to reduce the numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Using a Flash Cure / sublimation process after harvest can also remove mold.
Citric Acid helps lower pH and is a plant nutrient that directly supplements cellular respiration, allowing plant nutrient transfer from roots. In addition, Ascorbic acid (as ascorbate a.k.a. Vitamin C) revs up photosynthesis. Ascorbic acid, citric acid are found in correct ratios in Advanced Big Bud.
Hydrogen Peroxide: 3% -- 34% - vital to preventing anaerobic organisms from growing in soil.
Cannabis plants can also be dunked in water with hydrogen peroxide after harvest.
Hydrogen Sulfide gas in natural Well Water is key to preventing pests in the soil and the plant. A simple water spray, even city utility based, can kill Mites -- but the extra sulfur here is what is found in most other commercial / home remedy pest control products. Powdered Sulfur products dont do well in response to oil and may injure plant leafs; Sulfur is found in SaferSoap to combine detergent/water/sulfur nontoxic to plants and useful against many pests.
Neem oil and azadirachtin aren't the same, but the two are related:
Azadirachtin is alcohol soluble and a chemical in Neem oil, which can be isolated as in AzaSol powder, or removed to leave a hydrophobic extract of neem oil, which works by suffocating (blocking breathing pores) on insect and mite pests. The chemical azadirachtin is an insect growth regulator that controls the metamorphosis process as the insect passes from the larva stage to the pupa stage. The insect is prevented from growing/molting, and appetite appears to be reduced, preventing feeding on the plant. These effects combined with neem oil, make the product very effective. It cannot be used after Bloom periods begin, only during Vegetative growth.
Oil Suffocation techniques have included Soy bean oil, like GreenCleaner - which also uses Soybean Oil (39%) and Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (common detergent but for a while, not allowed for cannabis in WA) (19%) along with citric acid and isopropyl alcohol combine to make a potent treatment for russet mites, spider mites, mealybugs, powdery mildew!
- Sciaridaeare a family of flies commonly known as dark-winged Fungus Gnats that infest soil, potting mix, other container media, and other sources of organic decomposition. Larva will be found inside the plant tissues near the soil.
-- Spider mitesare members of the Tetranychidae family, which includes about 1,200 species.
--- Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Family: Tarsonemidae), is a microscopic species of mite found on many species of plants
---- Hemp russet mite (Aculops cannabicola, Family: Eriophyidae ) are smaller than conventional spider mites but larger than the broad mite, and exists only on Cannabis plants
An irrigation system biofilm can form and occur as complex collectives of microorganisms, competing with roots for resources like minerals and oxygen and may promote vectors for crop infection. They are nearly impossible to avoid. Studies demonstrate that as soon as water comes into contact with surfaces, especially irrigation pipes in warm well-illuminated places, these films begin to form–naturally, they can develop at faster rates and with a higher level of persistence when there is a constant source of moisture. Organic debris, nutrients, oxygen and microbes, among others, are key contributors to the existence and formation of an irrigation system biofilm.
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++ UV B and UV C light++
The mechanism of UVC inactivation of microorganisms is to cause cellular damage by inducing changes in the chemical structure of DNA chains. The consequence is the production of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) causing distortion of the DNA molecule, which might cause malfunctions in cell replication and lead to cell death.
UV-B lamps are lamps that emit a spectrum of ultraviolet light with wavelengths ranging from 290–320 nanometers. This spectrum is also commonly called the biological spectrum due to the human body's sensitivity to light of such a wavelength. UV-B light does not tan the skin very much, compared to the UV-A lamps ("blacklight") that are used in tanning beds.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UV-B_lamps
UV-C light is weak at the Earth's surface since the ozone layer of the atmosphere blocks it, unlike UV-B and UV-A rays.
UV-C's effects on the human body vary depending on length of exposure, but can cause painful burns on the skin. It can also cause temporary damage to the cornea if observed directly. Aside from these threats, UV-C is a known carcinogen for human skin. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation
UV-C (222; 254+/-285nm), UV-B nm light also kills pests and mold -- and makes plants produce more THC / resin, a condition found in high elevations in Jamaica... UV provided during a curing process can change myrcene to hashishene.
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Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses
After exposing viral suspensions placed in darkened tubes to UV C LED light, the team found that wavelengths of 285 nm were highly effective at inactivating the virus and almost as effective as wavelengths of 265 nm, inactivating 99.9% of the coronavirus in under 30 seconds.
Furthermore, other viruses showed similar sensitivity to these wavelengths, indicating that this technology could be useful against many types of human coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2.
The researchers say that these findings are significant because not only does the 285-nm UV LED light disinfect coronaviruses, but it is also less expensive and more readily available than the 265-nm variety.
Puradigm’s core air purifier technologies are designed to duplicate Nature’s purification processes in indoor spaces of all sizes – homes, offices, food processing facilities, manufacturing facilities, schools, restaurants, casinos, and more.
It can also be necessary for humans to receive UV-B in low light environments! Mercury Vapor lamps need to be encased further in doped quartz sleeves to prevent O3 (ozone) production unless humans can vacate the room being dosed in large amounts for sanitizing.
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anecdotal:
- During an indoor grow, participated by this blog author, outdoor plants were imported from Eastern WA with Russet Mites.
Infestation was controlled and not eradicated, by Azadirachtin and cleaning spray ~4 gal wash made with AzaSol, 1 drop dish soap (7th gen SLS), hydrogen peroxide, and isopropyl alcohol and City water, and after that, cleaning washes and nutrient foliar sprays.
After halting treatment sprays, the russet mite population increased but did not prevent plants from growing.
Another grow (renton?) reported increase terpene count due to russet mites, and by just "living" with them. They might be better than fungus gnats! Spider mites biting the plant leaves may also trigger an increase in plant chemicals...
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